The hook
The BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions is the bible of PLSS retracement and resurvey. Federal authority for the original surveys is the GLO (now BLM); the manual codifies how those original boundaries are perpetuated. Surveyors in PLSS country must know it cold.
Memorize these
Concepts that show up on the exam
BLM (Bureau of Land Management)
Federal agency that succeeded the GLO (General Land Office). Maintains PLSS records, conducts dependent and independent resurveys, publishes the manual.
2009 manual (current)
Most recent edition. Updates earlier (1973, 1947, 1930, 1894, 1855) editions. The standard reference for federal land surveys.
Original survey
The first GLO survey. Establishes the controlling monuments and field notes for a township. Subsequent retracement follows the original.
Dependent resurvey
Re-establishes lost or obliterated original corners using the best available evidence — including original record and collateral evidence.
Independent resurvey
Used only when the original is so corrupted it can't be reasonably perpetuated AND title hasn't vested in private parties. Rare.
Restoration order
For lost corners on township/section lines: single proportionate measurement first. For interior corners: double proportionate measurement. Quarter corners: midpoint between adjacent existent section corners.
Test yourself
How well did it stick?
A quick 5-question check on BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions. See where you stand and what to review.